Place the chopped apples and 3 tablespoons butter in a medium saucepan. Add the brown sugar, cinnamon and salt to the saucepan. Bring the mixture to a boil over medium-high heat and then reduce the heat to a simmer. Cook until the apples are tender, about 5 minutes. Remove from heat and allow to cool.
In a mixing bowl, combine the softened cream cheese, 1/3 cup white sugar, cardamom, and vanilla. Set aside and prepare the puff pastry.
Prepare the braid:
Preheat oven to 400 degrees.
Carefully unfold the sheet of puff pastry and place on top of a sheet of parchment paper. Lightly roll with a floured rolling pin until it is ¼ inch thick. Transfer the puff pastry (including the parchment paper) to a baking tray.
Down the center of the puff pastry, add the cream cheese mixture.
Arrange the cooled apple filling on top of the cream cheese mixture.
Using a sharp knife or a pizza cutter, begin slicing diagonal strips down both sides of the puff pastry, being careful to leave a ½ inch border around the cream cheese and apple slices.
There should be around 8 to 10 strips depending on the length of the pastry braid.
Starting at one end, begin folding the strips up and over the apples, alternating sides to form a braid with the dough.
Continue to fold the dough strips until the apples are covered. Tuck the end strips under.
In a small bowl, beat with a fork one egg white.
Brush the pastry braid with the egg white and sprinkle the top with 1 to 2 tablespoons white sugar.
Place in the oven and bake for 20 to 25 minutes or until golden brown.Allow to cool slightly before drizzling with glaze.
Make the glaze:
To make the glaze, heat the 2 tablespoons of butter in a saucepan over medium heat. Heat until it gives off a nutty fragrance, about 5 minutes, to make a “brown butter.” Remove from heat and transfer to a bowl to cool slightly. Stir in the powdered sugar and vanilla. Mix in the milk a teaspoon at a time until the glaze is thin enough to drizzle. Drizzle the apple braid with the glaze; slice and serve!
Meanwhile, make the filling. Place the chopped apples and 3 tablespoons butter in a medium saucepan. Combine 1/2 cup brown sugar, 1 1/2 tablespoons flour, 1/4 teaspoon salt, cinnamon, and nutmeg and mix well; add the mixture to the saucepan. Bring the mixture to a boil over medium-high heat and then reduce the heat to a simmer. Cook until the apples are tender, about 5 minutes. Remove from heat and allow the filling to cool.
To make the glaze, heat the 2 tablespoons of butter in a saucepan over medium heat. Swirl the pan occasionally and cook until the milk solids turn brown and give off a nutty fragrance, about 5 minutes. Remove from heat and transfer to a bowl to cool slightly. Stir in the confectioners' sugar and vanilla. Mix in the milk a teaspoon at a time until the glaze is thin enough to drizzle. Decorate the Danish braid with the glaze.